Κλιματικοί πρόσφυγες της Ευρώπης: Οι ελληνικές κοινότητες σβήστηκαν από τον χάρτη
Χωριά στον αγροτικό σιτοβολώνα της χώρας βρίσκονται μισοεγκαταλελειμμένα δύο χρόνια μετά τις καταστροφικές πλημμύρες.
Κείμενο: ΝΕΚΤΑΡΙΑ ΣΤΑΜΟΥΛΗ
Φωτογραφίες: ΛΟΥΙΖΑ ΒΡΑΔΗ
στον Παλαμά, Ελλάδα




20 Σεπτεμβρίου 2025 4:01 π.μ. CET
Σε ένα στενό διαμέρισμα δύο υπνοδωματίων, ο Κωνσταντίνος Παπαϊωάννου ζει με τη σύζυγό του, τα δύο παιδιά και τη μητέρα του. Το πρώην σπίτι του 51χρονου αγρότη στο χωριό Μεταμόρφωση είναι ένα άδειο κέλυφος: μούχλα στο σοβά, η γραμμή πλημμύρας σημαδεμένη από έναν βρώμικο δακτύλιο πάνω από την πόρτα.
Δεν γυρίζουν πίσω. Δύο χρόνια αφότου ο κυκλώνας Ντάνιελ μετέτρεψε την αγροτική ζώνη της Ελλάδας σε εσωτερική θάλασσα, η Μεταμόρφωση είναι ένα από τα δεκάδες χωριά που παραμένουν μισοεγκαταλελειμμένα.
Οι οικογένειες που έφυγαν λένε ότι είναι από τους πρώτους κλιματικούς πρόσφυγες της Ευρώπης: εκτοπισμένοι από ακραία καιρικά φαινόμενα, αποκλεισμένοι από κοντινά ενοίκια και κολλημένοι σε γραφειοκρατικό κενό καθώς η κυβέρνηση μελετά εάν και πού θα ανοικοδομήσει ολόκληρες κοινότητες.
«Μόνο οι τοίχοι και τα παράθυρα έχουν απομείνει από το σπίτι μας», είπε ο Παπαϊωάννου. «Είναι αδύνατο να ξαναχτιστεί από την αρχή». Το ενοίκιο για το διαμέρισμά τους επιδοτείται από το κράτος, αλλά οι πληρωμές φτάνουν καθυστερημένα και η γραφειοκρατία είναι βαριά. Η επιδότηση πρόκειται να λήξει και η οικογένεια ελπίζει σε παράταση. Η κυβέρνηση υποσχέθηκε να μεταφέρει το χωριό σε ασφαλέστερο έδαφος. Δύο χρόνια μετά, οι κάτοικοι λένε ότι οι μελέτες μετεγκατάστασης είναι ακόμη ελλιπείς.







For Papaioannou’s 70-year-old mother, Zoe Papaioannou, leaving her home is a rupture she never wanted. “Families with small children don’t return to the villages. If my husband were alive, we would have returned. I was born there, and I want to die there. But I’ll go wherever my children go.”
The region has long been subject to flooding. The elder Papaioannou remembers being lifted into a boat during a flood when she was 2, but what happened on the night of September 5, 2023, when the water reached the roof tiles, was something different. She grabbed an icon of the Virgin Mary, a blood-pressure monitor and her health booklet before relatives got her out. She regrets not saving the family photos.
Back in Metamorfosi, Konstantinos Tsioukas, 60, said he and his wife managed to save only their wedding crowns. “We don’t want to return here. We will always be afraid of flooding. Why should I go through that drama again? Why should I put my children through this?”
He estimates that about 40 families have returned to the village, even though no government official has inspected the houses for safety. Those who came back did so because they had trouble with rent. He travels back and forth to Metamorfosi to care for his land, a 2-hour drive, but neither he nor his children want to farm.
“It’s not worth the trouble,” he said. “Do I want to starve my children? No.”
At the village café, the only establishment that was undamaged enough to reopen, Fani Ntantou, 55, said business has trickled to just a few dozen people coming for coffee, tsipouro or meze. “If I were 30, we would leave. We would go to Germany and wash dishes,” she said. “This was a lively village with three or four cafés, but now we only have funerals.”
A region under water
Cyclone Daniel dumped more than a year’s worth of rain on central Greece in just hours. According to the EU’s Copernicus monitoring service, some 750 square kilometers, roughly the area of New York City, of the Thessalian plain were inundated, much of it farmland. The plain accounts for 25 percent of Greece’s agricultural production, with much of the country’s wheat, barley, chickpeas, lentils and pistachios grown there.
“There was absolutely no planning whatsoever,” said Dimitris Kouretas, Thessaly’s regional governor. He indicated three maps in his office in the city of Larissa that showed where the government has promised to implement flood prevention projects, including modifications to riverbeds and dams in the mountains, none of which have been completed.
“The current system can only handle about 40 percent of the water volume of Cyclone Daniel,” said Kouretas.


Above, Fani Ntantou, 55. She owns a local coffee shop and is one of the very few that have returned to Metamorfosi, together her 67-year old husband. Bottom, George Didagelos, seen below in a destroyed breeding unit of his now-abandoned pig farm, in Koskina.


To make matters worse, climate change is bringing not just flooding — but drought. Drier summers, combined with the overuse of groundwater, have led to significant shortages. Farmers in the villages are fighting about how the water will be distributed.
“In winter, we work to maintain the embankments so that we don’t flood,” said Konstantinos Tasiopoulos, a 77-year-old farmer who left the floodplains for the city of Karditsa after Cyclone Daniel. “In summer, we don’t have enough water for irrigation. Soon, we won’t even have anything to drink. It will become a desert.”
The 2023 flood also killed some 100,000 animals, a problem compounded by the culling of tens of thousands of sheep and goats following an outbreak of fast-spreading illnesses.
“This place was bustling with life, there were always thousands of pigs,” said George Didagelos, a pig farmer in the village of Koskina and the president of the Greek livestock association who lost 6,600 pigs to the cyclone. “I still get nightmares of that night.”
It was so difficult to find help to remove the carcasses that the remains of the drowned pigs can still be seen in Didagelos’ now-abandoned breeding farm.
Rebuild or relocate
Even as villagers remain scattered across the region, some are debating whether it’s better to rebuild or to relocate. Before the flood, the village of Vlochos had about 400 residents. Today, fewer than a third have returned.
A recent referendum on whether to relocate divided the community, leaving some residents refusing to speak to one another. While 65 percent of the population said they wanted to leave, authorities have answered that this is not enough.
“They tell us that if we want relocation, we all have to agree. But this is impossible,” said Vassilis Kalogiannis, the head of the village.







«Είναι σαν μια οικογένεια, σπάνια συμφωνούν ομόφωνα. Οι γονείς αποφασίζουν. Μια απόφαση πρέπει να ληφθεί από το κράτος», δήλωσε ο Ιωάννης Κουκάς, 52 ετών, προκάτοχος του Καλογιάννη.
Ο Βασίλης Γαλάνης, ένας 54χρονος τεχνίτης και ζωγράφος, ζει πλέον στην Καρδίτσα με τη σύζυγό του και τα τρία παιδιά του. Είπε ότι εάν η μετεγκατάσταση δεν προχωρήσει, σκέφτεται να φύγει από τη χώρα.
«Δεν πρόκειται να ξοδέψω μια περιουσία εδώ και να τη χάσω ξανά. Τα παιδιά μου δεν πρόκειται να μείνουν ούτως ή άλλως».
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